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21.
Horizontal distribution of crustaceans in Lake Glubokoe 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
O. S. Boikova 《Hydrobiologia》1986,141(1-2):113-123
A study has been made on the distribution of crustaceans along a profile of 6–9 stations from depths of less than 2 m to 20
m, in summer, autumn and early spring. The species composition, abundance, size-frequency distribution, biomass and diurnal
dynamics were estimated. Many species abundant in the pelagic zone were found to be absent or scarce out to depths of 5 m.
In the daytime, at depths out to 3 m, crustaceans greater than 1.0 mm were seldom found, while those 0.15–0.40 mm long were
most abundant. At depths out to 5 m, not only was the total average size of crustaceans found to be smaller, but also that
of individual species, including small ones: Ceriodaphnia and Chydorus. The biomass of crustaceans in shallow water and in the open lake differs in summer by more than 100 times, and in late autumn
and early spring by more than 10 times. At the depth of 1 m, in none of the seasons did it exceed 0.026 mg l-1. All the crustaceans except for nauplii and Chydorus considerably increased in numbers in the shallow water at night.
The impoverishment of the littoral plankton in Lake Glubokoe is regarded as a specific case of the well-known phenomenon of
‘avoidance of the littoral’ by euplankton (Hutchinson, 1967; Kiselyov, 1980). It is pointed out that there is a possible relationship
between diurnal horizontal migrations of plantivorous fish and the impoverishment of plankton near the shore. An attempt has
been made to substantiate the assumption that the ‘avoidance of the littoral’ by pelagic crustaceans is due to high numbers
of fish in shallow water. 相似文献
22.
A survey of oligotrophic Lake Rara, the biggest lake in Nepal, was carried out from 1982 till 1984. Mean depth is 100 m, and
maximum depth is 167 m. The surface area covers 9.8 km2, and the lake contains 0.98 km3 volume of water.
Transparency was about 16 m, photoquantum yield decreased exponentially with depth below 5 m, and the extinction coefficient
was 8.3 × 10−2. The concentration of Chl.-a was in the range of 0.06–0.46 mg m−3, and total nitrogen was 18–30 μg 1−1. The whole water column was well oxygenated. Primary productivity was extremely low. It has more than 30 inflowing brooks
and one outlet. The water quality of the brooks changes drastically with their location. The pH, electrical conductivity,
and EDTA hardness in the waters from a landslide area were high. In the waters from a rich pine forest they were extremely
low.
The zooplankton consisted of two species of protozoa, five species of rotifers, two species of Cladocera, and two species
of Copepoda. The zooplankton density range was 6200–16200 individuals m−3. The minimum was on November 11th, 1983 and the maximum on August 19th, 1983. 相似文献
23.
Pelagic rotifers of Lake Glubokoe from 1897 to 1984 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lilian K. Matveeva 《Hydrobiologia》1986,141(1-2):45-54
After alteration in the pattern of drainage of run-off from the surrounding swamps and changes in the colour and transparency
of the Lake Glubokoe water, the previously epilimnial Trichocerca similis, Conochilus unicornis and Keratella cochlearis showed a shift of their maximum numbers to deeper layers. Pompholyx sp. and Trichocerca capucina, which are regarded as indicators of eutrophic waters, have disappeared from the pelagic zone of the lake and Conochilus hippocrepis, Synchaeta pectinata, Gastropus stylifer, Asplanchna herricki, Ascomorpha ecaudis, Ascomorpha saltans,
Euchlanis dilatata and Trichocerca porcellus have made their appearance. Most of the new species are considered to be indicators of oligotrophic conditions. However the
total density of pelagic rotifers remained at the same level. Apparently the establishment of the new species of rotifers
was possible due to some ‘rarefaction’ of the epilimnion, the disappearance of predaceous Mesocyclops leuckarti and the invasion of the pelagic zone by Peridinium cinctum. 相似文献
24.
Fifty one chironomid species were identified from 504 samples collected at depths ranging 8 to 267 m in Lake Michigan, U.S.A. Heterotrissocladius oliveri Saether occurred in 32% of these samples and had an average abundance of 22 m–2 which was similar to other estimates from the Great Lakes. Maximum average lake-wide density was at 30 to 60 m (41 m–2). At depths 60 m, H. oliveri was the dominant chironomid species comprising 75% of total Chironomidae. The substrate preference of H. oliveri differed within each depth regime considered: at 30–60 m, 2–3 ; at 60–120 m, 3–5 , 7–9 ; and at 120–180 m, 6–8 . Abundance was notably reduced at all depths in substrates characterized as medium silt (5–6 ). On a lake-wide basis, the distribution pattern suggested H. oliveri was most numerous from 30 to 60 m along the southwestern, eastern, and northern shorelines and at 60–120 m depths along the southern and eastern shorelines. Increased abundance in the South Basin was concurrent with evidence of increased sedimentation at 60 to 100 m. However, in several other areas of the lake, high densities were associated with medium to very fine sands relatively free of silts and clays. This observation suggested occurrence of H. oliveri was minimally affected by sediment type.Widely variable, but generally elevated water temperatures likely prevent H. oliveri from establishing a substantial population density at depths < 30 m. With increased depth, temperature fluctuation is negligible and food is more stable, though the source is variable. Factors limiting abundance of H. oliveri at depths 30 m were related to decreased food supply due to distance from shore, food sources of lower value (clays), and, most importantly, to reproductive replenishment.Although still oligotrophic in nature, high density occurrences in both high and low sedimentation areas of the lake suggest the trophic indicator status of H. oliveri might be broader than previously thought. 相似文献
25.
Percottus glehni is a new colonizer in the ichthyofauna of Lake Glubokoe. Recently, this species, established in the European part of the
USSR nearly 30 years ago, has become common in the lakes and ponds located 3–5 km from Lake Glubokoe. In Lake Glubokoe it
keeps mainly to water thyme (Elodea) in shallow water with individuals up to 7 cm in size being predominant. Apparently, these fishes are not abundant due to
strong predation pressure from larger predators. 相似文献
26.
Emmanuel A. Obot 《Plant Ecology》1986,68(2):67-70
The floristic composition of the macrophyte vegetation of Lake Kainji was investigated and compared with the vegetation of the river Niger before impoundment.Of 18 hydatophytes, 40 tenagophytes and 57 trichophytes listed for the Niger, 18 tenagophytes, 12 trichophytes and 7 hydatophytes were found growing in the lake 17 years after impoundment. Fourteen new tenagophytes, 3 new hydatophytes and 1 new trichophyte were recorded. The hydatophytes which were expected to colonize the lake are limited in number and range.The failure of the hydatophytes to colonize the lake, as predicted by Cook (1968), is discussed in relation to the inflow-to-volume ratio of the lake.Nomenclature follows Hutchinson & Dalziel (1952–1972). Flora of West Tropical Africa. 相似文献
27.
Two species of Anabas Cuvier, 1816 (Osteichthyes: Anabantidae): A. testudineus (Bloch, 1795) and A. oligolepis Bleeker, 1855 are widely distributed in India. Since both species are represented in one habitat — Lake Kolleru, and are very closely related, they were compared using starch gel electrophoresis. Electrophoretic separation of proteins of eye lens, skeletal muscle and heart muscle revealed differences such as i) absence of one protein fraction in one of them, ii) mobility and iii) staining intensity of some of the bands. The esterase (non-specific) patterns of serum, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart muscle and eggs also showed differences. The LDH fraction of eye lens showed a difference in mobility. 相似文献
28.
Diurnal changes in the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in hypertrophic Lake Kasumigaura,Japan 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
The daily vertical migration of five species;Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) Trevis,Anabaena spiroides Klebahn f.crassa (L.) Elenkin,Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs,Melosira granulata (E). Ralfs, andCoscinodiscus lacustris Grun. was studied using a close-interval water sampler on a calm summer day in Lake Kasumigaura. Many colonies ofMicrocystis were observed at the middle of the water column (approx. 1.5 m depth) in the afternoon, and at the surface in the early morning.Anabaena occurred mostly in the upper layer whileAphanizomenon tended to be uniformly distributed. The difference in migration patterns suggests thatMicrocystis is superior toAnabaena andAphanizomenon in obtaining both light and nutrients from this lake. Among diatoms,Melosira remained at the bottom of the water column throughout day and night, but Coscinodiscus was uniformly distributed. 相似文献
29.
Phytoplankton community structure and distribution in the nearshore zone of Lake Ontario 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Spatial and temporal distributions of phytoplankton were studied during 1979 in the nearshore zone of Lake Ontario. Genera such as Dinobryon, Oscillatoria, and Gymnodinium tended to be found at discrete depths whereas other genera such as Cryptomonas and Rhodomonas tended to be more uniformly distributed throughout the water column. The discrete depth distribution of some of these genera compared with the weak thermal stabilization of the area suggests depth selection and habitat preference within the algal community.Physical processes probably played a major role in regulating the timing and duration of vertical diatom pulses, and resuspension from the sediment played a major role as to the timing of the autumn growth. Vertical mixing in the nearshore zone was sufficient for some diatom genera such as Tabellaria to maintain populations throughout the summer. These mixing processes, however, affect the stability of community structures and associations that develop within the water column. The role of physical processes and their potential effects on algal production in the Great Lakes is discussed. 相似文献
30.
鄱阳湖水生维管束植物生物量及其合理开发利用的初步建议 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
用4种不同的计算方法测定了鄱阳湖水生维管束植物的生物量。根据22个断面,199个采集点,398个样方的测定结果,得出鄱阳湖水生维管束植物的年生产量为431.76万吨(湿重),即相当于5.44×10~(-15)焦耳(能量)。其中,马来眼子菜、苦草和黑藻等3种合计约占总生物量的71.46%。全湖可供草食性鱼类食用的水生维管束植物约占总量的86.9%。文中还对4个植物带和9个群丛生物量的分布规律进行了讨论。提出了人工增殖草食性鱼类,调整湖中植被组成,保护和种植水生经济植物等合理开发利用鄱阳湖水生植物资源的初步建议。 相似文献